While the number of average training hours conducted by Malaysian firms seems
impressive, there is considerable concern about how effective this training has been. A study
in 1991 shows that Malaysian firms exhibit a low level of sophistication in their training
management practice (Zakaria & Othman, 1993). For example, the training need assessment
and training evaluation practice in many companies appear to be rudimentary. Another study
by Juhary and Saiyadain in 1996 also made the same observation. They concluded by saying,
‘‘training in many organizations is still fragmented. . ..’’