1. Nutrition : Severe protein malnutrition results in
twice the number of defects.
Fewer brain cells are produced, and
learning ability may be permanently affect
2. Excessive amounts of vitamins : Vitamin D is essential,
but excessive amounts may result in a form of mental retardation.
Too much vitamin A and K may also be harmful
3. Drugs : Many drugs affect the development of the fetus.
Even aspirin has been shown to inhibit growth of human fetal cells
(especially kidney cells) cultured in the laboratory.
4. Alcohol: When a woman drinks heavily during pregnancy,
the baby may be born with fetal alcohol syndrome, that is,
deformed and mentally and physically retarded.
Low birth weight and structural abnormalities
have been associated with as little as two drinks a day.
It is thought that some cases of hyperactivity
and learning disabilities may be caused by alcohol
intake of the pregnant mother
5. Rubella virus crosses the placenta and infects
the embryo; interferes with normal metabolism
and cell movements.
Causes a syndrome that involves blinding cataracts,
deafness, heart malformations, and mental retardation.
The risk in greatest (about 50%) when a pregnant woman
contracts rubella during the first month of pregnancy
1. Nutrition : Severe protein malnutrition results in twice the number of defects. Fewer brain cells are produced, and learning ability may be permanently affect2. Excessive amounts of vitamins : Vitamin D is essential, but excessive amounts may result in a form of mental retardation. Too much vitamin A and K may also be harmful3. Drugs : Many drugs affect the development of the fetus.Even aspirin has been shown to inhibit growth of human fetal cells (especially kidney cells) cultured in the laboratory.4. Alcohol: When a woman drinks heavily during pregnancy, the baby may be born with fetal alcohol syndrome, that is, deformed and mentally and physically retarded. Low birth weight and structural abnormalities have been associated with as little as two drinks a day. It is thought that some cases of hyperactivityand learning disabilities may be caused by alcohol intake of the pregnant mother5. Rubella virus crosses the placenta and infects the embryo; interferes with normal metabolism and cell movements. Causes a syndrome that involves blinding cataracts, deafness, heart malformations, and mental retardation.The risk in greatest (about 50%) when a pregnant woman contracts rubella during the first month of pregnancy
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