Brown12, 2007). Again, Widodo (2006) gives an example of Jack, who speaks and writes well in simple present tense, cannot explain how present tense sentences should be. He has no idea about the grammatical rule behind it. Mostly, explicit grammatical knowledge is instructed to second or foreign language learners, while the implicit grammatical knowledge is acquired by the native language learners. To sum up, the difference between explicit and implicit grammatical knowledge is presented below. Table 2. The Difference between Explicit and Implicit Grammatical Knowledge Explicit grammatical knowledge Implicit grammatical knowledge Conscious knowledge Unconscious/ subsconcious knowledge Requires awareness and intention Accessed Does not need awareness and intention through explicit learning instruction Accessed through the acquisition in natural setting (spontaneous language tasks) Accessed through controlled processing Accessed through uncontrolled processing Accessed slowly Accessed quickly Involves the explanation of Does grammatical rules not explanation involve of the grammatical rules Happens both deductively and Mostly happened inductively inductively V. Two main approaches of Grammar Teaching Deductive Approach The deductive approach derives from deductive reasoning where the concept goes from general to specific. Rules, patterns, principles are presented first, then moves to the 12 Ibid. p. 292