Smart practice always includes a feedback loop that lets you rec ognize errors and correct them-which is why dancers use mirrors. Ideally that feedback comes from someone with an expert eye and so every world-class sports champion has a coach. If you prac tice without such feedback, you don't get to the top ranks.
The feedback matters and the concentration does, too-not just the hours.
Learning how to improve any skill requires top-down focus.
Neuroplasticity, the strengthening of old b;ain circuits and build ing of new ones for a skill we are practicing, requires our paying attention: When practice occurs while we are focusing elsewhere, the brain does not rewire the relevant circuitry for that particular routine.
Daydreaming defeats practice; those of us who browse TV while working out will never reach the top ranks. Paying full attention seems to boost the mind's processing speed, strengthen synaptic connections, and expand or create neural networks for what we are practicing.
At least at first. But as you master how to execute the new routine,repeated practice transfers control of that skill from the top-down system for intentional focus to bottom-up circuits that eventually make its execution effortless. At that point you don't need to think about it-you can do the routine well enough on automatic.And this is where amateurs and experts part ways. Amateurs are content at some point to let their efforts become bottom-up operations. After about fifty hours of training-whether in skiing r driving-people get to that "good-enough" performance level,
where they can go through the motions more or less effortlessly. They no longer feel the need for concentrated practice, but are con tent to coast on what they've learned. No matter how much more they practice in this bottom-up mode, their improvement will be negligible.
Smart practice always includes a feedback loop that lets you rec ognize errors and correct them-which is why dancers use mirrors. Ideally that feedback comes from someone with an expert eye and so every world-class sports champion has a coach. If you prac tice without such feedback, you don't get to the top ranks.
The feedback matters and the concentration does, too-not just the hours.
Learning how to improve any skill requires top-down focus.
Neuroplasticity, the strengthening of old b;ain circuits and build ing of new ones for a skill we are practicing, requires our paying attention: When practice occurs while we are focusing elsewhere, the brain does not rewire the relevant circuitry for that particular routine.
Daydreaming defeats practice; those of us who browse TV while working out will never reach the top ranks. Paying full attention seems to boost the mind's processing speed, strengthen synaptic connections, and expand or create neural networks for what we are practicing.
At least at first. But as you master how to execute the new routine,repeated practice transfers control of that skill from the top-down system for intentional focus to bottom-up circuits that eventually make its execution effortless. At that point you don't need to think about it-you can do the routine well enough on automatic.And this is where amateurs and experts part ways. Amateurs are content at some point to let their efforts become bottom-up operations. After about fifty hours of training-whether in skiing r driving-people get to that "good-enough" performance level,
where they can go through the motions more or less effortlessly. They no longer feel the need for concentrated practice, but are con tent to coast on what they've learned. No matter how much more they practice in this bottom-up mode, their improvement will be negligible.
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Smart practice always includes a feedback loop that lets you rec ognize errors and correct them-which is why dancers use mirrors. Ideally that feedback comes from someone with an expert eye and so every world-class sports champion has a coach. If you prac tice without such feedback, you don't get to the top ranks.
The feedback matters and the concentration does, too-not just the hours.
Learning how to improve any skill requires top-down focus.
Neuroplasticity, the strengthening of old b;ain circuits and build ing of new ones for a skill we are practicing, requires our paying attention: When practice occurs while we are focusing elsewhere, the brain does not rewire the relevant circuitry for that particular routine.
Daydreaming defeats practice; those of us who browse TV while working out will never reach the top ranks. Paying full attention seems to boost the mind's processing speed, strengthen synaptic connections, and expand or create neural networks for what we are practicing.
At least at first. But as you master how to execute the new routine,repeated practice transfers control of that skill from the top-down system for intentional focus to bottom-up circuits that eventually make its execution effortless. At that point you don't need to think about it-you can do the routine well enough on automatic.And this is where amateurs and experts part ways. Amateurs are content at some point to let their efforts become bottom-up operations. After about fifty hours of training-whether in skiing r driving-people get to that "good-enough" performance level,
where they can go through the motions more or less effortlessly. They no longer feel the need for concentrated practice, but are con tent to coast on what they've learned. No matter how much more they practice in this bottom-up mode, their improvement will be negligible.
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