Combining water with a cementitious material forms a cement paste by the process of hydration. The cement paste glues the aggregate together, fills voids within it, and makes it flow more freely.[25]
A lower water-to-cement ratio yields a stronger, more durable concrete, while more water gives a freer-flowing concrete with a higher slump.[26] Impure water used to make concrete can cause problems when setting or in causing premature failure of the structure.[27]
Hydration involves many different reactions, often occurring at the same time. As the reactions proceed, the products of the cement hydration process gradually bond together the individual sand and gravel particles and other components of the concrete to form a solid mass.[28]