At least one bleeding event was noted in 143,360 of the n=796,396 non-ginkgo, warfarin only, patients (18.0%) and
in 2,484 of the n=11,003 warfarin patients who at some point while on warfarin were also noted to be using ginkgo
(22.6%). It was discovered, however, that the first bleeding event was most frequently noted on the first day that
1176
warfarin was noted in the EMR (24.4% of non-ginkgo patient with bleeding event, and 16.4% of ginkgo patients
with bleeding event). The bleeding events after day 1 were relatively uniform across the follow-up period. (Table 4)
It is not likely the bleeding would occur so frequently on the first day of warfarin use, since warfarin does not have
that rapid of an anticoagulant effect. Apparently, many patients that were already on warfarin went to a Veterans
Administration (VA) hospital to seek care for a bleeding event. These could have been patients who already had an
EMR encounter at the hospital, or a patient who sought care there for the first time. Either way, the bleeding event
would give the providers cause to inquire about warfarin use and to note its use in the EMR. So on that day, many
of these patients had warfarin use noted in their EMR for the first time. To reduce this measurement bias, the first
30 days of warfarin use (first 30 days of follow-up) were next eliminated from the dataset, which reduced the sample
size somewhat. This also insured that warfarin dose was stable at a level acceptable to the provider and warfarin
induced anticoagulation had reached a therapeutic level. This effectively eliminated the uncharacteristic spike in
bleeding events at the first day of follow-up, which was now day 31 on warfarin. (Table 4)
At least one bleeding event was noted in 143,360 of the n=796,396 non-ginkgo, warfarin only, patients (18.0%) andin 2,484 of the n=11,003 warfarin patients who at some point while on warfarin were also noted to be using ginkgo(22.6%). It was discovered, however, that the first bleeding event was most frequently noted on the first day that1176warfarin was noted in the EMR (24.4% of non-ginkgo patient with bleeding event, and 16.4% of ginkgo patientswith bleeding event). The bleeding events after day 1 were relatively uniform across the follow-up period. (Table 4)It is not likely the bleeding would occur so frequently on the first day of warfarin use, since warfarin does not havethat rapid of an anticoagulant effect. Apparently, many patients that were already on warfarin went to a VeteransAdministration (VA) hospital to seek care for a bleeding event. These could have been patients who already had anEMR encounter at the hospital, or a patient who sought care there for the first time. Either way, the bleeding eventwould give the providers cause to inquire about warfarin use and to note its use in the EMR. So on that day, manyof these patients had warfarin use noted in their EMR for the first time. To reduce this measurement bias, the first30 days of warfarin use (first 30 days of follow-up) were next eliminated from the dataset, which reduced the samplesize somewhat. This also insured that warfarin dose was stable at a level acceptable to the provider and warfarininduced anticoagulation had reached a therapeutic level. This effectively eliminated the uncharacteristic spike inbleeding events at the first day of follow-up, which was now day 31 on warfarin. (Table 4)
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