There are several pathogens (microbial contaminants) which have been a major threat to in
vitro cultures due to their rapid proliferation characteristics (Enjalric et al., 1998). Axenic
cultures are often mandatory throughout the entire in vitro culture process. The
contaminated cultures are usually discarded at any stage of sub-culturing because many in
vitro culture contaminants eventually cause plant death by exuding their phytotoxins
(George, 1993).