Another limitation of such measures is that they use one description of HR practices to
represent an entire organization, when in reality HR practices vary significantly across divisions,
geographic locations, etc. This may partly explain why managers in the same organization
might inconsistently report HRM practices (Gerhart, Wright, McMahan & Snell, 2000). Also,
such systems typically only measure the existence of practices, but not if such practices are
implemented well. Even when there is an actual relationship, simply duplicating others’ best
practices may fail to differentiate the organization’s competitive position.