Second, we see a resurgence of smallholder interest in the crop. The number of smallholders h grown at double-digit rates in the past decade but, given the preferences of the pswerful governmen agribusiness alliance for plantations, policies are more focused on returns on capital than on farmer livelihoods. opposed palm but k in its economy on positive r terms. This means government recognition of their land rights and support in obtaining technical high-quality seedlings and There are successful formulas around the world, linked to both plantations and independent growers. for sma olders cultivate oil palm sustainable and rewarding ways. President Widodo has called for the provision of high-yielding seedlings and land conversions by intensifying production. Malaysia does actively assist smallholders in increasing their produ but 80% of the plantation workforce in that country is made up of poorly paid migrant labourers. Third, activism and global campaigns ave exposed the environmental and social costs of the industry, pressures could be slowly transforming palm oil into a more environmentally f and socially sensitive commodity. In response to market for reform, intemational producers, buyers and end users of palm oil have committed to private regulatory initiatives.