INTRODUCTION
Compulsive buying behavior is defined
as inappropriate consuming behavior that is
excessive in nature and harms the concerned
individual (Valence, d’Astous, & Fortier, 1988).
Compulsive behavior is a form of addiction, and
shopping enables the individual to overcome
anxiety. Valence et al. (1988) state that three factors
affect compulsiveness: a strong emotional
activation, high cognitive control, and high reactivity.
They developed a unidimensional scale
that contained 13 items related to overanxiety,
negative self-esteem, and congenital traits leading
to compulsiveness. Compulsive behavior is
caused by a combination of factors, and state
of anxiety was found to be the cause and effect
of compulsiveness. Factors causing compulsive
behavior have been much researched to prevent
it. Research has identified psychological factors
that influence compulsive behavior (Dittmar,