Introduction
• Two controversies over international trade
arose in the 1980s and 1990s.
– In the 1980s a new set of sophisticated arguments
for government intervention in trade emerged in
advanced countries.
• These arguments focused on the “high-technology”
industries that came to prominence as a result of the
rise of the silicon chip.
– In the 1990s a dispute arose over the effects of
growing international trade on workers in
developing countries.