The analysis can be illustrated in the classical Fisher diagram (Fisher, 1930), where investment projects are infinitely divisible and the decision task is to choose the scale of investment. Issues similar to those discussed here arise in the standard Fisher analysis in the absence of taxes when an interest rate spread is introduced – such a market imperfection alone is of course sufficient to invalidate the irrelevance of financing/dividend policy. In the presence of capital market imperfections, conflict among shareholder preferences in large part essentially reduces to a conflict between maximising present value of corporate cash flows versus maximising future values of such flows. Note that the after-tax market line in Fisher’s analysis is net of shareholder personal taxes. A simple way to illustrate this result is to compare the future position of a shareholder: