This example refers to cattle breeding in a specialized
pastoral system in Niger. The WoDaaBe are full-time
cattle keepers. Marketing livestock is the cornerstone
of their livelihood strategy. Their herds contribute
a substantial proportion of national cattle exports,
particularly to the large markets of Nigeria where
Bororo animals sell at a premium.
“Extreme environment” here refers to a
combination of a harsh ecosystem characterized by
stochastic events, and comparatively poor access to
both primary resources and external inputs. WoDaaBe
herders exploit a semi-arid territory characterized
by erratic and unpredictable rainfall. In an ordinary
year, fresh grass is available for only two to three
months at any given location. Access to forage, water
and services requires a degree of purchasing power
and negotiation with neighbouring economic actors
competing for these resources. The WoDaaBe are
usually on the weaker side in these transactions.
It has been proposed that the concept of
“reliability” is key to understanding the management
strategies of pastoralists under such conditions (Roe
et al., 1998). “High-reliability” pastoral systems are
geared to the active management of hazards rather
than their avoidance, with the aim of ensuring a
steady flow of livestock production. In these systems,
breeding has to be closely interconnected with the
environment and the production strategy. The main
goal of the WoDaaBe is to maximize the health and
reproductive capacity of the herd throughout the year.
Their management system aims to ensure that the
animals eat the highest possible amount of the richest
possible diet all year round (FAO, 2003). This involves
specialized labour, focusing on managing the diversity
and variability of both grazing resources and livestock
capabilities.
This example refers to cattle breeding in a specializedpastoral system in Niger. The WoDaaBe are full-timecattle keepers. Marketing livestock is the cornerstoneof their livelihood strategy. Their herds contributea substantial proportion of national cattle exports,particularly to the large markets of Nigeria whereBororo animals sell at a premium.“Extreme environment” here refers to acombination of a harsh ecosystem characterized bystochastic events, and comparatively poor access toboth primary resources and external inputs. WoDaaBeherders exploit a semi-arid territory characterizedby erratic and unpredictable rainfall. In an ordinaryyear, fresh grass is available for only two to threemonths at any given location. Access to forage, waterand services requires a degree of purchasing powerand negotiation with neighbouring economic actorscompeting for these resources. The WoDaaBe areusually on the weaker side in these transactions.It has been proposed that the concept of“reliability” is key to understanding the managementstrategies of pastoralists under such conditions (Roeet al., 1998). “High-reliability” pastoral systems aregeared to the active management of hazards ratherthan their avoidance, with the aim of ensuring asteady flow of livestock production. In these systems,breeding has to be closely interconnected with theenvironment and the production strategy. The maingoal of the WoDaaBe is to maximize the health andreproductive capacity of the herd throughout the year.Their management system aims to ensure that theanimals eat the highest possible amount of the richestpossible diet all year round (FAO, 2003). This involvesspecialized labour, focusing on managing the diversityand variability of both grazing resources and livestockcapabilities.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..