A runway incursion is defined as any occurrence in the
airport runway environment involving an aircraft, vehicle,
person, or object on the ground that creates a collision
hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an
aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending
to land. In the United States, an average of three runway
incursions occur daily[1]. Multiple factors contribute to
runway incursion, including failure to comply with air traffic
control (ATC) instructions, lack of airport familiarity and
nonconformance with standard operating procedures. A
typical runway incursion scenario is shown in figure 1[1].