Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is a useful statistical
and widely-used technique for finding patterns in data
of high dimensions. It is useful in reducing dimensionality
and finding new, more informative, uncorrelated features [4].
There are some mathematical concepts that are used in PCA
which covers standard deviation, covariance, eigenvectors
and eigenvalues. PCA is a way of identifying patterns in data
and highlight their similarities and differences. While the
luxury of graphical representation is not available, patterns
can be hard to find in data of high dimensions. Therefore,
PCA is a powerful tool for analyzing data of high dimensions.
The other main advantage of PCA is that once we have
found these patterns in the data, then we could compress
the data, reducing the number of dimensions without much
loss of information. There are six steps to perform PCA
on a set of data which are to get data, subtract the mean,
calculate the covariance matrix, calculate the eigenvectors
and eigenvalues of the covariance matrix and then choose
components for forming a feature vector [5].