Four limitation to this study bear mention before discussing the results.First,this was a small study that needs further research support.Secondly,the convenience sample of conference participants who volunteered to take part may reflect a bias based on the ethical topic of the conference they were attending.However,although the sample may have had a preset interest in ethical issues,that did not necessarily include a bias towards any particular ethical stance.Thirdly,the interview questions indicated a bias towards the language and issues presented in the literature: the 'a good nurse is one who ...' question reflects a predominantly virtue ethics approach,while the 'how does a nurse go about doing the right thing' question reflects a predominantly quandary ethics approach.The questions were also biased towards positive,as opposed to negative,responses.Finally,collecting written data from anonymous participants made it impossible to gain clarification or elaboration on the responses, which may have the study results.