The similar mechanism was applied to the conducting materials that readily oxidize to bond to Pyrex substrates. An
anodic voltage (1.2 ~ 1.7kV) was applied on the graphite sample with the cathode contacting the backside of the Pyrex
substrate. The substrate was heated to around 200°C. After the bonding is achieved, the bulk graphite sample can be cleaved off, leaving several bonded areas on the glass surface. These are then peeled off using adhesive tape to leave many
transparent areas with mono-/multilayer (layer configuration) graphene. Optical microscopy was used to pre-identify the