The shinden-zukuri is a style of architecture that flourished in the Heian period. This was the typical pattern of a noble's estate in the capital, and was doubtlessly duplicated in the provinces. It was marked by its main, central building which invariably faced south, and the secondary buildings surrounding and attached to it by a startling array of different types of covered corridors and bridges.
The central building is the shinden itself, from which the shinden-zukuri (lit. "shinden-built") style has been given its name. The name literally means "sleeping hall," stating its purpose. That is, it, rather than any other building in the estate, is the primary residence of the householder.
The buildings in such an estate were are single-storey, raised off the ground on wooden pillars, and floored with wooden planks. There was no general tatami flooring, as tatami in the Heian period were moved about as required for bedding or for ad hoc seating purposes. The roofs were all plank construction, with the better models being clad in cypress shingles while some were even thatched instead. There were no tiles on the roof, save perhaps at the ridges.
One of the difficulties surrounding any study of shinden-zukuri architecture is that there is no solid rule on what it must contain. To be sure, there is the architectural Platonic "ideal" of the shinden-zukuri, much in the same way there is an ideal for what constitutes a Queen Anne, a Cape Cod, or a Federal style house, but while surviving illustrations of these estates exhibit various typical details, few seem to display them all.
The key measurement in Japanese architecture, which figures in the description of the various structures in the shinden-zukuri estate, is the space marked off between a pair of pillars. This space, usually translated into English as "bay," is what determines the size of a room or building, which is invariably laid out on a sort of grid. The bay is measured from the midpoint of one pillar to the midpot of the next. This measurement in Heian Japan -- at least as concerns shinden-zukuri architectural standards -- was one jô, or ten feet. This means the actual interstice between two pillars was nine feet.
The shinden-zukuri is a style of architecture that flourished in the Heian period. This was the typical pattern of a noble's estate in the capital, and was doubtlessly duplicated in the provinces. It was marked by its main, central building which invariably faced south, and the secondary buildings surrounding and attached to it by a startling array of different types of covered corridors and bridges. The central building is the shinden itself, from which the shinden-zukuri (lit. "shinden-built") style has been given its name. The name literally means "sleeping hall," stating its purpose. That is, it, rather than any other building in the estate, is the primary residence of the householder. The buildings in such an estate were are single-storey, raised off the ground on wooden pillars, and floored with wooden planks. There was no general tatami flooring, as tatami in the Heian period were moved about as required for bedding or for ad hoc seating purposes. The roofs were all plank construction, with the better models being clad in cypress shingles while some were even thatched instead. There were no tiles on the roof, save perhaps at the ridges. One of the difficulties surrounding any study of shinden-zukuri architecture is that there is no solid rule on what it must contain. To be sure, there is the architectural Platonic "ideal" of the shinden-zukuri, much in the same way there is an ideal for what constitutes a Queen Anne, a Cape Cod, or a Federal style house, but while surviving illustrations of these estates exhibit various typical details, few seem to display them all. The key measurement in Japanese architecture, which figures in the description of the various structures in the shinden-zukuri estate, is the space marked off between a pair of pillars. This space, usually translated into English as "bay," is what determines the size of a room or building, which is invariably laid out on a sort of grid. The bay is measured from the midpoint of one pillar to the midpot of the next. This measurement in Heian Japan -- at least as concerns shinden-zukuri architectural standards -- was one jô, or ten feet. This means the actual interstice between two pillars was nine feet.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
