Effects of oven type and baking temperature on acrylamide concentration, surface browning, temperature
profiles and drying rates of muffins were investigated. Muffins were baked in convection and steam
assisted hybrid ovens at 145, 160 and 175 C for different baking times. For all oven types, the acrylamide
concentration of muffins increased with increasing baking time and temperature (p < 0.05). The formation
was considered as the first order reaction kinetics except for the lowest baking temperature at natural
convection and steam assisted hybrid ovens. The reaction rate constant, k was found to be in the
range of 0.027–0.078 (min1). For the forced convection oven, the effect of baking temperature on acrylamide
concentration followed the Arrhenius type of equation; with activation energy of 36.35 kJ/mol. The
minimum drying rate was observed by the steam assisted hybrid oven, at all conditions. Steam assisted
baking resulted in lower acrylamide concentration at all baking temperatures, while providing the average
moisture content not significantly different.