ABSTRACT
A major reading-achievement gap exists between English language learners and English-only
students. In order for ELLs to experience school success, they must achieve English language
proficiency. This article presents why vocabulary acquisition plays the most vital role in ELLs’
learning of the English language. Factors include the severity and frequency of vocabulary
errors, the disparity of vocabulary knowledge between ELLs and monolingual English speakers,
and the high correlation between vocabulary and comprehension. This study is based on a fourcomponent
vocabulary program proposed by experts in the field and a synthesis of research
findings, practical strategies, and tools that enhance ELLs’ vocabulary development. Other
critical considerations for an effective vocabulary program are also discussed.