B.Criticism of the Hierarchical View of Mathematics Learning
The hierarchical view of mathematics learning rests on two assumptions. First of all, that during learning concepts and skills are ‘acquired’. Thus prior to some particular learning experience a learner will lack a given concept or skill, and after an appropriate and successful learning experience the learner will possess, or have acquired, the concept or skill. Secondly, that the acquisition of mathematical concept or skills necessarily on the possession of previously learned conned and skills. This relation of dependence among concepts and skills provides the structure to the learning hierarchy .Thus to learn a concept of level n+1, the leaner must already have acquired the appropriate subset of concepts of level n (but not necessarily all of that level). Consequently , according to this view, mathematical knowledge is organized uniquely into a number of discrete levels. Each of these two assumptions are problematic, and open to criticism