IDTLs may also feel different forms of accountability to different entities, which may influence their actions throughout the NEPA process (Stern et al., 2010a). External accountability reflects pressure
to maintain credibility with entities outside the agency. Upward accountability reflects pressure to meet the demands of the team’s external leader, the decision maker. Prior research shows
a tendency for decision makers in the Forest Service to focus on process efficiency and meeting targets (Stern et al., 2010a, 2010b). Inward accountability reflects pressure to defer to members of the ID team. An additional accountability measured but not included in an index included IDTLs’ feeling of pressure to ensure that the process and documentation were legally defensible, a pressure
well-documented in the literature (e.g., Mortimer et al., 2011; USDA Forest Service, 2002). Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis showed this variable to reflect a distinct concept.
IDTLs may also feel different forms of accountability to different entities, which may influence their actions throughout the NEPA process (Stern et al., 2010a). External accountability reflects pressure
to maintain credibility with entities outside the agency. Upward accountability reflects pressure to meet the demands of the team’s external leader, the decision maker. Prior research shows
a tendency for decision makers in the Forest Service to focus on process efficiency and meeting targets (Stern et al., 2010a, 2010b). Inward accountability reflects pressure to defer to members of the ID team. An additional accountability measured but not included in an index included IDTLs’ feeling of pressure to ensure that the process and documentation were legally defensible, a pressure
well-documented in the literature (e.g., Mortimer et al., 2011; USDA Forest Service, 2002). Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis showed this variable to reflect a distinct concept.
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