molecular model of diethyldithiocarbamate. This compound is an analytical reagent used in determining arsenic, as illustrated in this feature.
Arsine bubbled into the solution in the cuvette, reacting with silver diethyldithiocarbamate to form a colored complex compound according to the following equation
Measuring the Amount of the Analyte
The amount of arsenic in each sample was determined by using an instrument called a spectrophotometer, to measure the intensity of the red color form in the cuvettes. As discussed in Chapter 26, a spectrophotometer provides a number called absorbance that is directly proportional to the color intensity, which is also proportional to the concentration of the species responsible for the color. To use absorbance for analytical purpose, a calibration curve must be generate by measuring the absorbance of several solutions that contain known concentrations of analyte. The upper part of Figure 1F-2 shows that the color become more intense as the arsenic content of the standards increases from 0 to 25 part per million (ppm).
Calculating the Concentration
The absorbances for the standard for standard solution containing known concentration of aresenic are plotted to product to produce a calibration curve, shown in the lower part of Figure 1F-2. Each vertical line between the upper and lower part of the plot. The color intensity of each solution is represented by its absorbance, which is plotted on the vertical axis of the calibration curve. Note that absorbance increases form 0 to about 0.72 as the concentrantration of arsenic increases from 0 to 25 ppm. The concentration of arsenic in each standard. solution corresponds to the vertical grid lines of the calibration curve. This curve is then used to determine the concentration of the two unknown solution shown on the right. We first find the absorbances of the unknowns on the absorbance axis of the plot and then read the corresponding concentrations on the concentration axis. The lines leading leading from the cuvettes to the calibration curve show that the concentrations of arsenic in the two deer were 16 ppm and 22 ppm, respectively.
Arsenic in the kidney tissue of an animal is toxic at levels above about 10 ppm, so it was probable that the deer were killed by ingesting an arsenic compound. The tests also showed that samples of grass contained about 600 ppm arsenic. This very high level of arsenic suggested that the grass had been sprayed with an arsenical herbicide. The investigators concluded that the deer had propbably died as a result of eating the poisoned grass.
Estimating the Reliability of the Data
The data from thes experiments were analyzed using the statistical methods described in Chapters 5,6, and 7. For each of the standard arsenic solution and the deer samples, the replicates is a more reliable measure of the concentration of arsenic than a single measurement. Least-squares analysis of the standard data (see Section 8C) was used to find the best staight line among the points and to calculate the concentrations of the unknown samples along with their statistical uncertainties and confidence limits.
molecular model of diethyldithiocarbamate. This compound is an analytical reagent used in determining arsenic, as illustrated in this feature.
Arsine bubbled into the solution in the cuvette, reacting with silver diethyldithiocarbamate to form a colored complex compound according to the following equation
Measuring the Amount of the Analyte
The amount of arsenic in each sample was determined by using an instrument called a spectrophotometer, to measure the intensity of the red color form in the cuvettes. As discussed in Chapter 26, a spectrophotometer provides a number called absorbance that is directly proportional to the color intensity, which is also proportional to the concentration of the species responsible for the color. To use absorbance for analytical purpose, a calibration curve must be generate by measuring the absorbance of several solutions that contain known concentrations of analyte. The upper part of Figure 1F-2 shows that the color become more intense as the arsenic content of the standards increases from 0 to 25 part per million (ppm).
Calculating the Concentration
The absorbances for the standard for standard solution containing known concentration of aresenic are plotted to product to produce a calibration curve, shown in the lower part of Figure 1F-2. Each vertical line between the upper and lower part of the plot. The color intensity of each solution is represented by its absorbance, which is plotted on the vertical axis of the calibration curve. Note that absorbance increases form 0 to about 0.72 as the concentrantration of arsenic increases from 0 to 25 ppm. The concentration of arsenic in each standard. solution corresponds to the vertical grid lines of the calibration curve. This curve is then used to determine the concentration of the two unknown solution shown on the right. We first find the absorbances of the unknowns on the absorbance axis of the plot and then read the corresponding concentrations on the concentration axis. The lines leading leading from the cuvettes to the calibration curve show that the concentrations of arsenic in the two deer were 16 ppm and 22 ppm, respectively.
Arsenic in the kidney tissue of an animal is toxic at levels above about 10 ppm, so it was probable that the deer were killed by ingesting an arsenic compound. The tests also showed that samples of grass contained about 600 ppm arsenic. This very high level of arsenic suggested that the grass had been sprayed with an arsenical herbicide. The investigators concluded that the deer had propbably died as a result of eating the poisoned grass.
Estimating the Reliability of the Data
The data from thes experiments were analyzed using the statistical methods described in Chapters 5,6, and 7. For each of the standard arsenic solution and the deer samples, the replicates is a more reliable measure of the concentration of arsenic than a single measurement. Least-squares analysis of the standard data (see Section 8C) was used to find the best staight line among the points and to calculate the concentrations of the unknown samples along with their statistical uncertainties and confidence limits.
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