APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A
The Original Items
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Original Items in Scales
Construct Items
Audit Profession Well-Roundedness (APW)
APW1 I understand and have knowledge of professional auditing
concerning auditing standards, accounting standards, and law.
APW2 I learn to apply the benefit in information technology and
understand the problem and barrier that has affect to client’s
operation.
APW3 I have potential to forecast the problem and risk that will affect to
the business’ clients.
APW4 I am capable to analyses in weakness strength problem threat and
opportunity that have affect on various industry systems.
APW5 I understand client’s business characteristics and can perform
appropriate assessment risk.
Audit Practice Norms (APN)
APN1 In audit practices, I conduct my audit planning by covering all
strictly that I perform my audit task efficiently.
APN2 I specify the boundary and detail my audit work by conforming to
guidelines and principles of auditing standards and code of ethics
APN3 I can concentrate on critical analysis from accounting data that
guideline and decide in audit practices.
APN4 I emphasize on integrating audit methods in order to help all audit
function and activity work fluently to achieve goal.
Audit Innovation Learning (AIL)
AIL1 I apply computer program in audit practices that help auditing
achieve all audit plans.
AIL2 I have studied and understood how to choose new audit
techniques in order to apply to help my audit work efficient.
AIL3 I study how to assess probability and effect of client’s risk in
order to gain various modern information.
AIL4 I focus and seek information technology that can apply to help
auditing improve the efficiency and effectiveness of audit
practices.
Audit Morality Reasoning (AMR)
AMR1 I have to prepare a guideline and best audit technique process by
considering to virtues and code of ethics in audit professional.
AMR2 I put one’s faith to virtue in decision making about any issues
concerning on audit practices.
AMR3 In audit practices, I consider the point of audit information and
problem for conclusion the event clearly that make decision
correct.
AMR4 I determine my audit work that consider to data accuracy and
event analysis by reasonable judgment.
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Original Items in Scales (continued)
Construct Items
Audit Independence (AI)
AI1 I am able to learn and analysis surrounding that concerns about audit
practices.
AI2 I conduct audit work with effort based on objective evidences.
AI3 I conduct my opinion to disclose financial statements that are clear
and main point free from threat.
AI4 I perform my audit work without any related benefits.
Audit Performance (AP)
AJ1 I can make decision on analysis in justice and consider audit
evidence.
AJ2 I have to use appropriate audit evidence for decision making before
presentation of the audited financial statements.
AJ3 I focus on investigating error analysis and reasonable decision
making using for audit work that affect audit profession.
AJ4 I have judgment in my audit work by using justification data that for
planning audit engagement suitably.
Audit Performance (AP)
AP1 I report my audit opinion in financial statements by conforming to
accounting and auditing standards.
AP2 I investigate and report weaknesses and defects of client’s
accounting systems..
AP3 I can discover and report the insincere and error of material client’s
financial statement.
AP4 I presents financial report that represents completely and with
faithfulness, audit quality, and to be accepted by stakeholders.
Audit Credibility (AC)
AC1 I derive confidence from financial statement to be used in accurate
decision makings.
AC2 I acquire client’s acceptance in audit performance that users audit
investigations and audit procedures following auditing standards.
AC3 The client has mentioned and trust my audit practice that
performance, ability and capacity are as a good level of quality’s
operation.
AC4 I report my audit opinion in financial statement as truthfulness and
completely given information usefulness equally for user’s decision
making.
Continuous Improvement Mindset (CIM)
CIM1 I always participate in accounting and auditing training programs to
improve my skills and knowledge.
CIM2 I continuously investigate various information and policies of
government, regulators and accounting profession that affect audit
practices.
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Original Items in Scales (continued)
Construct Items
Continuous Improvement Mindset (CIM)
CIM3 I always participate and exchange opinion in accounting and
auditing conferences from accounting profession and others (such as
Revenue Department, the Thailand Securities and Exchange
Commission).
CIM4 I always use client’s operations and recommendations to improve
and develop my audit work.
Professional Commitment (PC)
PC1 I always intend to perform the audit planning that follows the
auditing standard with my full effort.
PC2 I believe that, auditor is the best of profession fame and it has been
praised by the public.
PC3 I am proud to tell others that I am a part of audit profession
PC4 I feel very loyal and successful to the auditing profession
Audit Experience (AE)
AE1 I focus on investigating errors analysis of prior audited, to guide for
future planning in audit practices.
AE2 I always use mistakes in the past to adjust to improve my audit
work.
AE3 My audit techniques and procedures are based on client types and
client industry.
AE4 I confide that my knowledge in auditing on various industries and
businesses in the past is the base for audit practices.
Audit Profession Climate (APC)
APC1 Currently, changing in details of professional standards, legal
requirements and regulations continuously at all times will develop
of audit professionalism.
APC2 Technology has been changed rapidly, and it leads auditor to get
more learning and understanding to apply to use the new technology
efficiently.
APC3 For various stakeholder needs, I must learn and understand the
stakeholder needs in financial statements that are efficient.
APC4 Current competitiveness have been increasing number of auditors
that prompts auditors to develop their audit work to high quality.
Proactive Individual Goal (PIG)
PIG1 I focus on everything that will happen in the future to for adapt to
my audit work well in the present.
PIG2 I decide to plan audit work by concentrating on participation in the
client at the present and future.
PIG3 I have learned and analyzed the events in the future for planning the
best audit framework.
PIG4 I anticipate what will happen in the future that to be used to
improve my audit work continuously.
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APPENDIX B
Test of Non-Response Bias
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Table 3A: Test of Non-Response Bias
Comparison N Mean SD.
t-test for Equality
of Means
t
Sig.
(2-tailed)
Sex
- First group
- Second group
210
211
1.43
1.57
.987
.967
-2.642
-2.642
0.414
0.414
Age
- First group
- Second group
210
211
1.66
1.84
.713
.977
-1.124
-1.124
0.263
0.263
Marital Status
- First group
- Second group
210
211
2.28
2.64
1.048
.958
-1.207
-1.207
0.229
0.229
Level of education
- First group
- Second group
210
211
1.44
1.05
1.087
.934
-2.249
-2.249
0.305
0.305
Experience in audit work
- First group
- Second group
210
211
1.29
1.70
1.015
.896
2.146
2.146
0.747
0.747
Audit tenure for CPAs
- First group
- Second group
210
211
2.03
2.35
.561
1.058
.902
.902
0.368
0.368
Revenue
- First group
- Second group
210
211
3.38
2.24
.847
1.035
-1.148
-1.148
0.253
0.253
Audited financial statement
- First group
- Second group
210
211
1.67
1.29
1.055
.975
-.874
-.874
0.464
0.464
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APPENDIX C
Construct Items Factor Loadings and Reliability Analyses
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Table 4A: Construct Item Factor Loadings and Reliability Analyses
Constructs Items
Factor
Loadings
Cronbach’s
Alpha
Audit Profession Well-Roundedness(APW) APW1 .734 .810
APW2 .717
APW3 .729
APW4 .815
APW5 .729
Audit Practice Norms (APN) APN1 .794 .794
APN2 .832
APN3 .738
APN4 .792
Audit Innovation Learning (AIL) AIL1 .703 .759
AIL2 .777
AIL3 .821
AIL4 .753
Audit Morality Reasoning (AMR) AMR1 .721 .738
AMR2 .755
AMR3 .789
AMR4 .728
Audit Credibility (AC) AC1 .778 .779
AC2 .769
AC3 .829
AC4 .728
Audit Performance (AP) AP1 .772 .803
AP2 .834
AP3 .773
AP4 .795
Audit Judgment (AJ) AJ1 .750 .707
AJ2 .792
AJ3 .815
AJ4 .759
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Table 4A: Construct Items Factor Loadings and Reliability Analyses (Continued)
Constructs Items
Factor
Loadings
Cronbach’s
Alpha
Audit Independence (AI) AI1 .796 .799
AI2 .828
AI3 .768
AI4 .773
Continuous Improvement Mindset (CIM) CIM1 .848 .803
CIM2 .732
CIM3 .876
CIM4 .712
Professional Commitment (PC) PC1 .744 .786
PC2 .780
PC3 .803
PC4 .793
Audit Experience (AE) AE1 .737 .713
AE2 .765
AE3 .716
AE4 .723
Audit Practice Environments (APE) APE1 .740 .708
APE2 .826
APE3 .734
APE4 .734
Proactive Individual Goal (PIG) PIG1 .759 .724
PIG2 .812
PIG3 .834
PIG4 .794
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APPENDIX D
Cover Letters and Questionnaire: Thai Version
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แบบสอบถามเพื่อการวิจัย
เรื่อง แนวทางการปฏิบัติงานการสอบบัญชีที่ดีของผู้สอบบัญชีรับอนุญาตในประเทศไทย
คำชี้แจง
งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาเรื่อง “แนวทางการปฏิบัติงานการสอบบัญชีที่ดีของผู้สอบบัญชีรับ
อนุญาตในประเทศไทย” เพื่อนำความรู้ที่ได้รับมาเป็นแนวทางปฏิบัติในการพัฒนาศักยภาพ และเพิ่มสมรรถนะ
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