In summary, infantile astigmatism, especially againstthe-rule,
is associated with increased astigmatism and
myopia during the school years. The mechanisms underlying
this association are not well understood at
present, but their clarification should provide insight
into the development of juvenile-onset myopia. Two
possible mechanisms, which are not mutually exclusive,
have been proposed. Further investigations of their
implications will determine their contribution to our
understanding of myopia.