Despite advantages of heterogeneous method for the synthesis
of organic esters, the reaction time is a concern which can be
substantially reduced by using newer techniques. Use of ultrasound waves and microwaves in ester synthesis is still an evolving
area and detailed studies are needed to shed some light on their
applicability in heterogeneous catalysis. Therefore, an alternative
esterification method is required to reduce processing time, to
lower amount of catalyst and un-reacted raw materials and also
to increase the mass transfer. The use of cavitation resulting from
ultrasound waves appears to be an appealing option for heterogeneous synthesis of ester.