Venous Access
Selection of a vein to catheterize depends on several factors such as the size and species of
the animal, the skill of the operator placing the catheter, therapeutic goals, and the animal’s
problem or disease. Any vessel that is visible or palpable should be considered a candidate
for percutaneous catheterization. The cephalic and saphenous veins offer easily accessible
routes that can be catheterized quickly. The internal diameter and the length of the catheter
and height of the fluid bag above the patient determine the maximum fluid flow rate. A short
large-gauge catheter is needed if fluids are to be rapidly administered. It is also advisable to
keep administration tubing short. Avoid excessive use of extension tubing and unnecessary
connectors, which reduce flow rates.
In the event vascular access cannot be obtained the establishment of an intraosseous line is a
reasonable alternative. Fluid or drugs administered by this route are rapidly taken up into the
circulatory system.