The idea that sentence processing may be linked to lexical knowledge is also supported by a number of grammatical theories that firmly root syntactic competence in the lexicon, including Combinatory Categorical Grammar (Steedman & Baldridge, 2006), Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (Pollard & Sag, 1994), and Lexical-Functional Grammar (Bresnan, 2001). Therefore, a central goal of this study was to extend our understanding of the development of anticipatory sentence processing mechanisms by directly comparing the online processing of transitive sentence comprehension in 3- to 10-year-old children with that in adults and by testing the degree to which sentence interpretation and prediction skills are associated with differences in vocabulary level.