Lean can be used by schools to examine processes for improvement ranging from the core technology of delivery of instruction to administrative support. For instance, value stream mapping (Keyte & Locher, 2004) is a lean tool that can be used to solicit the views of key stakeholders, such as students, teachers, parents, policy makers, administrators and boards, in regard to what is of value in the instructional delivery process. A student’s instructional day can be mapped out looking at allocations of time and resources for various activities. Based on the views of key stakeholders, decisions would be made as to what is of value during that instructional day and what is not. What is of value is kept and what is not is either improved so that it becomes valuable or it is eliminated.