Results: MMP-13 mRNA was highly expressed in the metastatic human HNSCC cell
lines, HN22 and HSC-3. T. crispa extract at a concentration of 100.0 mg/mL caused about
50% reduction of cell survival. T. crispa extract at a non-toxic concentration of 12.5, 25.0
and 50.0 mg/mL significantly suppressed MMP-13 mRNA expression and secreted MMP-
13 in both HN22 and HSC-3. The expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2
(TIMP-2) by HSC-3 cells was attenuated by 25.0 and 50.0 mg/mL of T. crispa extract.
Addition of the extract to cells in a wound healing assay showed inhibition of cell
migration by HN22 cells.