Literature Gaps The repatriation literature in the HRD journals has focused on conceptual discussions of repatriation motivation and repatriation failure. However, gaps in the literature were revealed when the literature was characterized according to the integrative literature matrix presented previously. As shown in Table 2, T&D topics related to repatriation are prevalent in the HRD literature. A further analysis of the HRD literature reveals the majority of the repatriation T&D discussion is associated with the individual employees. Far fewer articles were identified in which repatriation T&D was discussed at the group/team or organizational levels. CD topics were also well represented in the HRD literature. HRD scholars have been diligent to explore CD of repatriates at the individual level as well as the group/team level and the organizational level. The glaring gap in exploring repatriation in the HRD literature is found in discussions of OD. The absence of investigations of repatriation using an OD lens is further support for the idea that there is a lack of overarching strategy to support successful repatriation in most organizations. Furthermore, this lack of OD strategy may explain the lack of repatriate motivation and abundance of failure often discussed in the HRD literature