falls. Furthermore, in the smallest study included in this review (Holmgren 2010), significant improvements in favour of the intervention group were noted in measures of quality of life, including the Falls Efficacy Scale - International version and the SF-36 mental dimension and mental health subscales, even at the three month follow-up. For intervention content, which was classified as multiple, the intervention group performed the high-intensity functional exercises (HIFE) programme consisting of (1) individualised exercise sessions including physical activity and functional performance, aimed at improving lower-limb strength, balance and gait ability; (2) implementing the functional exercises into real-life situations; and(3) five one-hour educational sessions with discussions about the increased risk of complications after stroke, such as falls. During the last week of intervention, an individualized home-based exercises programme was designed for each participant. Information from this trial might also be important for planning future trials in this field, but one should remember that differences in the number of fallers were non significant, although it should be noted that the power calculation for Holmgren 2010 was not based on preventing falls but on an improvement of the Berg Balance Scale score. It should be further noted that some trials reported interesting post hoc analyses. Marigold 2005 showed that for their participants with a history of falls, eight out of 15 continued to fall in the intervention group compared with 13 out of 15 in the control group (P =0.05). Dean2012 indicated fewer falls in the intervention group for their fast walkers but more falls in the intervention group for their slower walkers. Both studies contribute to the current belief that interventions should be developed for specific subgroups of people with stroke. Again, this information can contribute to the future development of interventions for preventing falls in people after stroke. As well as the larger number of studies included in the review investigating interventions for preventing falls in the elderly living in the community (Gillespie 2012), there is another contrast with our results: multiple-component group exercises, Tai Chi, and individually prescribed multiple-component home-based exercises did show a beneficial effect for reducing the rate of falls and the risk of falling in this population. We should be cautious, however, considering whether these interventions might be suitable for preventing falls in people after stroke. Two recent trials included in this review (Batchelor 2012; Dean 2012) examined the effect of an intervention containing an exercise programme developed for older people: the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) in Batchelor 2012 and the Weight-bearing Exercise for Better Balance (WEBB) programme in Dean 2012. Neither trial showed significant between-group differences for reducing the rate of falls and the number of fallers, indicating that specific interventions may be required for preventing falls in people after stroke, with strategies aimed at particular deficits that people have after their stroke.