Management that grabs at every structural innovation that comes along may be doing its organization great harm. It risks going off in all direction: today long-range planning to pin managers down, tomorrow Outward Bound to open them up. Quality of working life programs as well as all those fashionable features of adhocracy- integrating managers, matrix structure, and the like-have exemplary aims: to create more satisfying work conditions and to increase the flexibility of the organization. But are they appropriate for a machine bureaucracy? Do enlarged jobs really fit with the requirements of the mass production of automobiles? Can the jobs ever be made large enough to really satisfy the workers and the cost-conscious customers?