The Sport in tern, cut off from contacts with socialist clubs as a result of a disastrous policy of confrontation, moved to increase its influence in Europe by devoting more attention to the large numbers of workers in non- workers’ organizations.22 By 1933, the Physical Culture Council was debating whether to offer general sanction to competitions between Soviet athletes and athletes from non-workers’ clubs. Official hostility toward the western model of competitive, achievement- oriented sport was reversed.