Marketing 3.0: Values-Driven Marketing
Philip Kotler, Kellogg School of Management
Hermawan Kartajaya, MarkPlus Inc.
As the world changed over the past decades because of the technology evolution, so did marketing. Long ago during the industrial age—where the core technology was industrial machinery—marketing was about selling products to a target market without considering the needs and wants. This was Marketing 1.0 or the product-centric era. The famous saying of Henry Ford marked this era: “Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black.” In Marketing 1.0, there were many misconceptions of marketing. Marketing was considered as mere selling, an art of persuasion, and even cheating.
When it comes to today’s information age—where the core is information technology— the job of
marketing is no longer that simple. Consumers are well informed and can compare several value
offerings of similar products. The product value is defined by the consumer. It is a must for
marketers to identify unfulfilled needs and wants and convert them into profitable opportunities.
This is Marketing 2.0 or the customer-centric era. Marketing continues to have a bad name in
many circles because many marketers are simply after profit and carry on tricks in pricing, bait
and switching, packaging, and false claims without really putting an effort to focus on the
customers.
We will soon witness the rise of Marketing 3.0 or the human-centric era where consumers will be
treated as human beings who are active, anxious, and creative. They will request more
participation in value creation. They will demand their deepest anxieties and desires—not
traditional needs and wants—identified and fulfilled. They will ask for their creativity to be
appreciated.
The Age of Participation and Collaborative Value Creation
The development of computing has rolled out in five major waves.1 The first one came in the
1960s, as mainframe computers advanced into the corporate world and became essential
business tools. The 1970s saw the wide adoption of the minicomputer. This signifies the second
wave. Then the personal computer came in the 1980s, as the symbol of the third wave, followed in 1990s by networking and the internet, and the spread of distributed computing, as the symbol
of the fourth wave.
Marketing 3.0: Values-Driven Marketing
Philip Kotler, Kellogg School of Management
Hermawan Kartajaya, MarkPlus Inc.
As the world changed over the past decades because of the technology evolution, so did marketing. Long ago during the industrial age—where the core technology was industrial machinery—marketing was about selling products to a target market without considering the needs and wants. This was Marketing 1.0 or the product-centric era. The famous saying of Henry Ford marked this era: “Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black.” In Marketing 1.0, there were many misconceptions of marketing. Marketing was considered as mere selling, an art of persuasion, and even cheating.
When it comes to today’s information age—where the core is information technology— the job of
marketing is no longer that simple. Consumers are well informed and can compare several value
offerings of similar products. The product value is defined by the consumer. It is a must for
marketers to identify unfulfilled needs and wants and convert them into profitable opportunities.
This is Marketing 2.0 or the customer-centric era. Marketing continues to have a bad name in
many circles because many marketers are simply after profit and carry on tricks in pricing, bait
and switching, packaging, and false claims without really putting an effort to focus on the
customers.
We will soon witness the rise of Marketing 3.0 or the human-centric era where consumers will be
treated as human beings who are active, anxious, and creative. They will request more
participation in value creation. They will demand their deepest anxieties and desires—not
traditional needs and wants—identified and fulfilled. They will ask for their creativity to be
appreciated.
The Age of Participation and Collaborative Value Creation
The development of computing has rolled out in five major waves.1 The first one came in the
1960s, as mainframe computers advanced into the corporate world and became essential
business tools. The 1970s saw the wide adoption of the minicomputer. This signifies the second
wave. Then the personal computer came in the 1980s, as the symbol of the third wave, followed in 1990s by networking and the internet, and the spread of distributed computing, as the symbol
of the fourth wave.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
