Directive leadership
Communicate expectations
Give directions
Schedule work
Maintain performance standards
Clarify leader’s role
Supportive leadership
Make work pleasant
Treat group members as equals
Be friendly and approachable
Show concern for subordinates’ well-being
Achievement-oriented leadership
Set challenging goals
Expect high performance levels
Emphasize continuous improvement
Display confidence in meeting high standards
Participative leadership
Involve subordinates in decision making
Consult with subordinates
Ask for subordinates’ suggestions
Use subordinates’ suggestions