Appendix A. Description of the cases
A.1. SIS – real-time traffic information service, displays and management system in Oslo
SIS has been installed in the public transportation system in the Oslo metropolitan area, initially, as a small scale trail in
2005–2006.7 Then in 2007, a full scale roll-out of the system began. By 2011, this was completed. The most visible and
popular interface is electronic displays at more than 700 bus stops, tram and train stations in the Oslo metropolitan area.
These give exact information to travellers on the expected arrival and destination of the next bus, tram or train. SIS is also a
system for fleet management of buses, trams and trains, and it has the capability of providing ‘right-of-way’ priority for
public transport vehicles at traffic lights, etc. The policy intention of SIS is to improve public transportation services both in
terms of customer satisfaction and operational efficiency. SIS is an example for a problem-driven, top-down initiated and
governed innovation network. The transport service was realised in a public–private innovation network comprising the
Norwegian Public Roads Administration, two private sector joint-stock transportation companies owned by public
administration (Trafikanten AS and Ruter AS), a German company offering eServices for organisations (INIT AG) and a
network of experts in the ITS-community.
A.2. ITS Vienna Region – dynamic intelligent transport service for the Vienna Region
ITS Vienna Region is a cooperative traffic management project administered by the federal states of Vienna, Lower
Austria and Burgenland.8 The technical objective of ITS Vienna Region was to establish a complete image of the current