At first, a 10 kWh lithium ion battery bank is integrated in the EV–PV charger. The battery is charged and discharged at a maximum C-rate of 1 C corresponding to a maximum charging/discharging
power of Pb max = 10 kW. The maximum depth of discharge is restricted to 80% (between state of charge (SOC) of 10–90%) to ensure long lifetime of the storage. Efficiency of charging/discharging of the battery including power converter is assumed to be 93% and the efficiency of power exchange with the grid is considered as 95% .