The framework discussed in this paper has already been successfully applied to a number of different use cases in the context of IoT systems. For instance, the experimental wireless sensor network testbed, with more than 300 nodes, deployed at the University of Padova [31], [32] has been designed according to these guidelines, and successfully used to realize proof-of-concept demonstrations of smart grid [33] and health care [34] services.
In this section, we describe a practical implementation of an urban IoT, named “Padova Smart City,” that has been realized in the city of Padova; thanks to the collaboration between public and private parties, such as the municipality of Padova, which has sponsored the project, the Department of Information Engineering of the University of Padova, which has provided the theoretical background and the feasibility analysis of the project, and Patavina Technologies s.r.l.,99 a spin-off of the University of Padova specialized in the development of innovative IoT solutions, which has developed the IoT nodes and the control software.