Use of quality seed is the first and foremost way of realizing the yield potential of the recommended technology. High quality pure seed ensures proper germination, crop stands, freedom from weeds and seed borne pests and diseases. It is recognized in general, that quality seed ensures 10 to 15 percent higher yields under the same set of crop management practices. In the case of superior quality rice, it even ensures higher price and profit. Unfortunately, in most countries sufficient quantities of certified seed are not available from all the seed sources put together. As a result more than 80 percent of the area is cultivated using farmers’ own seed. Thus, there are several issues associated with the use of good quality seed. While the private seed producers need to be encouraged to produce more seed of the released varieties and hybrids, governments have to come up with proper legislation where the seed industry can prosper. Even an ambitious programme cannot stop the use of self-grown seeds (now that CGIAR system and most countries have rejected Terminator Technology) by the farmers, thus knowledge can play its part.