The significance of the correlational conception of instrumentality is that it
permits the possibility that increases in performance are, in fact, negatively related to
outcome attainment. An example might be when increased job performance decreases
the likelihood of a promotion: An organization might be reluctant to advance an employee
out of a job in which he or she excels. Just as there are as many valences as there
are outcomes, there are as many instrumentalities as there are outcomes