Notably, PTH was simultaneously used to treat cancer and stroke in di↵erent studies, whereas mechanistically, it has a pro-apoptotic e↵ect in cancer and anti-apoptotic e↵ect in stroke [31,61]. In general, the same drug or therapy can be used to treat di↵erent diseases and is considered to be one of the main characteristics of TCM. Besides, various results could be obtained due to di↵erent disease pathogenesis as well as diverse dosage regimens. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms are required for further study.