There are some methodological and theoretical limitations in this study. Foremost
among these is the fact that the study used single sourcing and self- and retrospective
reporting. Because the key informants in firms, managing directors, who are most
knowledgeable about the firm’s operations, were used, key informant bias was not
expected as a major limitation in this study. Nonetheless, scholars (Gupta and Beehr,
1982; Aviolo et al., 1991) have argued that studies employing single-source
methodology can be biased by artificially high intercorrelations produced by overall
response tendency. Also, since retrospective reports were used, respondents’ answers
might have been influenced by memory distortion and halo effect.