Applying the APOS Theory
Included with this paper is an annotated bibliography of research related to APOS Theory, its ongoing development and its use in specific research studies. This research concerns mathematical concepts such as: functions; various topics in abstract algebra including binary operations, groups, subgroups, cosets, normality and quotient groups; topics in discrete mathematics such as mathematical induction, permutations, symmetries, existential and universal quantifiers; topics in calculus including limits, the chain rule, graphical understanding of the derivative and infinite sequences of numbers; topics in statistics such as mean, standard deviation and the central limit theorem; elementary number theory topics such as place value in base n numbers, divisibility, multiples and conversion of numbers from one base to another; and fractions. In most of this work, the context for the studies are collegiate level mathematics topics and undergraduate students. In the case of the number theory studies, the researchers examine the understanding of pre-college mathematics concepts by college students preparing to be teachers. Finally, some studies such as that of fractions, show that the APOS Theory, developed for “advanced” mathematical thinking, is also a useful tool in studying students’ understanding of more basic mathematical concepts.
Applying the APOS TheoryIncluded with this paper is an annotated bibliography of research related to APOS Theory, its ongoing development and its use in specific research studies. This research concerns mathematical concepts such as: functions; various topics in abstract algebra including binary operations, groups, subgroups, cosets, normality and quotient groups; topics in discrete mathematics such as mathematical induction, permutations, symmetries, existential and universal quantifiers; topics in calculus including limits, the chain rule, graphical understanding of the derivative and infinite sequences of numbers; topics in statistics such as mean, standard deviation and the central limit theorem; elementary number theory topics such as place value in base n numbers, divisibility, multiples and conversion of numbers from one base to another; and fractions. In most of this work, the context for the studies are collegiate level mathematics topics and undergraduate students. In the case of the number theory studies, the researchers examine the understanding of pre-college mathematics concepts by college students preparing to be teachers. Finally, some studies such as that of fractions, show that the APOS Theory, developed for “advanced” mathematical thinking, is also a useful tool in studying students’ understanding of more basic mathematical concepts.
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