Teacher Implementation
As stated above, the high school teachers were given minimal guidance on how to implement the CPS approach during problem solving instruction. They had the freedom to select problems from the samples they were provided, to decide how to model the approach for students, to structure in-class activities, and to choose how to assess students' understanding of the approach and assign grades. This flexibility was intended to permit teachers to adapt the approach to fit their instructional style and the specific needs of their students. Information about the teachers' imple-mentation was drawn from researcher observations of their classes and self-descriptions of their teaching during a debriefing discussion with researchers at the conclusion of the study.