Using a national sample of 724 municipalities from 1970 to 2006 and applying the instrumental variable approach that treats TELs as an endogenous event, this study finds strong support that TELs lead to reductions in per capita property taxes and increases in per capita user charges, a general finding from previous studies. Nevertheless, the effects are more substantial than the ones estimated by previous studies, especially the ones that treated TELs as an exogenous event. This result implies that some unobserved factors that vary across municipalities and change over time may affect fiscal outcomes. Studies ignoring the endogeneity of TELs may have seriously underestimated the fiscal impact of the policy.