Nation-wide research on mental health problems amongst men and women during the transition from employment to
retirement is limited. This study sought to explore the relationship between retirement and mental health across older
adulthood, whilst considering age and known risk factors for mental disorders. Data were from the 1997 National
Survey of Mental Health and Well-being, a cross-sectional survey of 10,641 Australian adults. The prevalence of
depression and anxiety disorders was analysed in the sub-sample of men (n ¼ 1928) and women (n ¼ 2261) aged 45–74
years. Mental health was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Instrument. Additional measures were
used to assess respondents’ physical health, demographic and personal characteristics. The prevalence of common
mental disorders diminished across increasing age groups of men and women. Women aged 55–59, 65–69, and 70–74
had significantly lower rates of mental disorders than those aged 45–49. In contrast, only men aged 65–69 and 70–74
demonstrated significantly lower prevalence compared with men aged 45–49. Amongst younger men, retirees were
significantly more likely to have a common mental disorder relative to men still in the labour force; however, this was
not the case for retired men of, or nearing, the traditional retirement age of 65. Men and women with poor physical
health were also more likely to have a diagnosable mental disorder. The findings of this study indicate that, for men, the
relationship between retirement and mental health varies with age. The poorer mental health of men who retire early is
not explained by usual risk factors. Given current policy changes in many countries to curtail early retirement, these
findings highlight the need to consider mental health, and its influencing factors, when encouraging continued
employment amongst older adults.
Nation-wide research on mental health problems amongst men and women during the transition from employment toretirement is limited. This study sought to explore the relationship between retirement and mental health across olderadulthood, whilst considering age and known risk factors for mental disorders. Data were from the 1997 NationalSurvey of Mental Health and Well-being, a cross-sectional survey of 10,641 Australian adults. The prevalence ofdepression and anxiety disorders was analysed in the sub-sample of men (n ¼ 1928) and women (n ¼ 2261) aged 45–74years. Mental health was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Instrument. Additional measures wereused to assess respondents’ physical health, demographic and personal characteristics. The prevalence of commonmental disorders diminished across increasing age groups of men and women. Women aged 55–59, 65–69, and 70–74had significantly lower rates of mental disorders than those aged 45–49. In contrast, only men aged 65–69 and 70–74demonstrated significantly lower prevalence compared with men aged 45–49. Amongst younger men, retirees weresignificantly more likely to have a common mental disorder relative to men still in the labour force; however, this wasnot the case for retired men of, or nearing, the traditional retirement age of 65. Men and women with poor physicalhealth were also more likely to have a diagnosable mental disorder. The findings of this study indicate that, for men, therelationship between retirement and mental health varies with age. The poorer mental health of men who retire early is
not explained by usual risk factors. Given current policy changes in many countries to curtail early retirement, these
findings highlight the need to consider mental health, and its influencing factors, when encouraging continued
employment amongst older adults.
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