As doing so changes the firm’s exposure to
price risk, the futures position is adjusted as well. If there is no loss by the end
of the first period, no options position will be taken and the firm fully hedges
with futures contracts over the second period. The numerical results show
that the firm under-hedges in the first period as a result of the existence of the
liquidity constraint. They also indicate that options are not used in the first
period.