both the timing and method of salad consumption [F(4,
176) = 285; p < 0.0001]; the pattern of effects was the inverse of
that for salad intake. Meal energy density was highest at the meal
with no salad (1.51 kcal/g [6.32 kJ/g]), decreased when the salad
was consumed ad libitum with the main course (1.07 ± 0.02 kcal/
g [4.46 ± 0.10 kJ/g]), decreased further when the salad was consumed
ad libitum before the main course (1.00 ± 0.02 kcal/g
[4.19 ± 0.08 kJ/g]), and was lowest when a fixed amount of salad
was consumed either before or with the main course
(0.85 ± 0.01 kcal/g [3.56 ± 0.06 kJ/g]).