In addition to physiological parameters, such as temperature,
pH, lifetime of protein, substrate concentrations, and
individual influencing parameters, the rate of ketoamine
formation is dependent on the reactivity of the amino
groups. For the hemoglobin molecule, with 2α- and
2β-chains, the terminal amino group of the β-chain is
preferred, giving the well-known HbA1c compound.
Since erythrocytes are freely permeable to glucose, the
rate of formation of GHb is directly proportional to the
ambient glucose concentration in which the erythrocyte
circulates to the duration of the exposure and the
turnover of the erythrocytes